The genetic secrets of adaptation: decoding the significance of the 30-bp insertion in the KRT77 gene for Chinese cattle.

The gene is a type II epithelial cell α-keratin gene family member that plays a crucial role in animal epidermal and coat formation. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the gene and the adaptability of Chinese cattle in varying environments by exploring the distribution of an exon insertion of the gene in different cattle populations. Our analysis involved amplifying and sequencing DNA samples from 362 individuals from 24 cattle breeds in China. Our findings reveal a gradual increase in the frequency of insertion from the northwest to the southeast population. We conducted an association analysis between the genotypes and climate data, revealing a correlation between the insertion and local annual mean temperature, relative humidity, and temperature humidity index. The study highlights the significance of the newly identified gene insertion as a variation associated with environmental adaptation in Chinese cattle.This insertion variation increased insights into the genetic mechanisms that drive adaptation in Chinese cattle, emphasizing the importance of the 30-bp insertion in the gene. Our findings facilitate further research to improve cattle breeding strategies for adaptability to changing environments from the northwest to the southeast population. In conclusion, this study provides value.