Hydroxyapatite-doped microspheres in chronic wound regeneration

In chronic wounds, the healing process is blocked, resulting in impaired tissue regeneration. For this purpose, hydroxyapatite nanoparticles-doped spray dried microparticles based on green/natural compounds are here proposed to restore tissue integrity in chronic wounds. In particular, a polysaccharide, either fucoidan or carrageenan, was associated to a cricket derived material since insects, especially crickets, are made of high content of proteins, lipids, and other bioactive molecules, including, chitin, vitamins and minerals. Hydroxyapatite-doped microparticles were characterized by physico–chemical properties (morphology, particle size diameters, solid state, and thermal profiles and antioxidant properties) and preclinical properties (fibroblasts proliferation, macrophages cytocompatibility, inflammatory immune response, and in vivo investigation on murine model) were also assessed. The systems are spherical and show smooth surface and distinctive antioxidant properties. The preclinical results suggest that the microparticles are biocompatible towards fibroblasts in vitro, and moreover, they prove to be safe and effective in skin tissue repair in an in vivo murine model.