Key physical processes and their model representation for projecting climate impacts on subarctic Atlantic net primary production: A synthesis

•Key processes and modeling issues are mixed layer depth, model resolution and the parametrization of biogeochemistry.•Large increase in primary production in areas where the sea ice retreats throughout the 21st century.•Stronger stratification and declining mixed layer depth reduce the vertical flux of nutrients into the photic zone.•Recommendations to improve projections of primary production range from inclusion of high-quality observations, to improved biogeochemical parameterizations, ensemble modeling and downscaling exercises.