Clinical characteristics and survival analysis of cutaneous metastases in a single tertiary centre in Korea

BackgroundCutaneous metastasis (CM) refers to the spread of malignancy to the skin. CM is perceived as an advanced stage. It might be the first sign of a primary cancer or an indicator of recurrence.ObjectivesTo identify primary cancers associated with CMs and perform a survival analysis according to advanced stage of cutaneous metastasis at a single tertiary centre in Korea.MethodsA total of 219 patients from Samsung Medical Center from January 2009 to April 2020 were retrospectively analysed to identify cases with biopsy-proven CMs. According to advanced stage of metastasis, patients were divided into three stages, CM only (CMO), CM with lymph node metastasis (CM/LM) and CM with distant metastasis (CM/DM), to analyse clinical characteristics and survival rate.ResultsThe most common CM from primary cancer was breast cancer, followed by lung cancer, stomach cancer, colorectal cancer and others. When all primary cancers were included, the median survival period was 4.82 years for the CMO stage, 2.15 years for the CM/LM stage and 0.80 years for the CM/DM stage, with a tendency to deteriorate with advancing stage. At 1- and 3-year after occurrence of CM, the CM/DM stage showed a significantly poorer survival rate than the other two stages.ConclusionsThis study showed a median survival period of 22 months for CM patients overall. Breast cancer has greater accessibility to the skin than other cancers. Therefore, breast cancer can metastasize to the skin without involving lymph nodes or other sites.