Ultrafast van der Waals diode using graphene quantum capacitance and Fermi-level depinning.

Graphene, with superior electrical tunabilities, has arisen as a multifunctional insertion layer in vertically stacked devices. Although the role of graphene inserted in metal-semiconductor junctions has been well investigated in quasi-static charge transport regime, the implication of graphene insertion at ultrahigh frequencies has rarely been considered. Here, we demonstrate the diode operation of vertical Pt/n-MoSe/graphene/Au assemblies at ~200-GHz cutoff frequency (f). The electric charge modulation by the inserted graphene becomes essentially frozen above a few GHz frequencies due to graphene quantum capacitance-induced delay, so that the Ohmic graphene/MoSe junction may be transformed to a pinning-free Schottky junction. Our diodes exhibit much lower total capacitance than devices without graphene insertion, deriving an order of magnitude higher f, which clearly demonstrates the merit of graphene at high frequencies.