Preface: Carbon Geological Utilization and Storage

Global climate change is a common challenge facing mankind,which has evolved from a scientific issue into a global economic and political issue of universal concern to the international community(IPCC,2007).Global surface temperature was 1.1℃ higher in 2011-2020 than that in 1850-1900,and has increased faster since 1970 than in any other 50-year period over at least the last 2000 years(IPCC,2023).Carbon dioxide(CO2)has been identified as the main reasons behind climate change(Gholami et al.,2021;Raza and Gholami,2019).Historical cumulative net CO2 emissions from 1850 to 2019 were 2400±240 Gt CO2.Of these,more than half(58％)occurred between 1850 and 1989,and about 42％between 1990 and 2019.In 2019,atmospheric CO2 concentrations reached 410 parts per million(ppm)(IPCC,2023).Therefore,the emission of CO2 into the atmosphere needs to be controlled.