Introducing Nanoscale Electrochemistry in Small-Molecule Detection for Tackling Existing Limitations of Affinity-Based Label-Free Biosensing Applications
Journal of the American Chemical Society(2023)
摘要
Electrochemical sensing techniques for small moleculeshave progressedin many applications, including disease diagnosis and prevention aswell as monitoring of health conditions. However, affinity-based detectionfor low-abundance small molecules is still challenging due to theimbalance in target-to-receptor size ratio as well as the lack ofa highly sensitive signal transducing method. Herein, we introducednanoscale electrochemistry in affinity-based small molecule detectionby measuring the change of quantum electrochemical properties witha nanoscale artificial receptor upon binding. We prepared a nanoscalemolecularly imprinted composite polymer (MICP) for cortisol by electrochemicallycopolymerizing & beta;-cyclodextrin and redox-active methylene blueto offer a high target-to-receptor size ratio, thus realizing "bind-and-read"detection of cortisol as a representative target small molecule, alongwith extremely high sensitivity. Using the quantum conductance measurement,the present MICP-based sensor can detect cortisol from 1.00 x10(-12) to 1.00 x 10(-6) M witha detection limit of 3.93 x 10(-13) M (S/N =3), which is much lower than those obtained with other electrochemicalmethods. Moreover, the present MICP-based cortisol sensor exhibitedreversible cortisol sensing capability through a simple electrochemicalregeneration process without cumbersome steps of washing and solutionchange, which enables "continuous detection". In situdetection of cortisol in human saliva following circadian rhythm wascarried out with the present MICP-based cortisol sensor, and the resultswere validated with the LC-MS/MS method. Consequently, thispresent cortisol sensor based on nanoscale MICP and quantum electrochemistryovercomes the limitations of affinity-based biosensors, opening upnew possibilities for sensor applications in point-of-care and wearablehealthcare devices.
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关键词
nanoscale electrochemistry,small-molecule,affinity-based,label-free
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