A Review of Recent Advances in Peptide-Based Anticancer Therapeutic Vaccines and Nanovaccines in Prostate Cancer

Immunotherapy is a critical component of treating various malignancies. So far, there have been numerous attempts to cure prostate cancer operating diverse types of immunotherapy. The raised numeral of myeloid-derived suppressor cells or regulatory T cells, the lack of cytotoxic T cells, reduced numbers of cancer antigens, a flaw in antigen presentation, and an immunosuppressive “cold tumor” microenvironment are the metiers that prostate cancer was known by them. However, there is hope that immunotherapeutic approaches will be improved in the future due to our expanding knowledge of the mechanisms underpinning interactions between tumors and the immune system. This review aims to provide an overview of the immune response, tumor microenvironment, and present level and future trends of expanding prostate cancer immunotherapy. Additionally, it assesses current studies on developing peptide-based therapeutic cancer vaccines and Nano drugs for prostate cancer and looks for patterns that might usher the clinical implementation of these technologies.