The nonexcludable function of sports stadiums in climate-changed cities

The unrelenting threat of climate change and extreme weather events on human settlements has prompted urban planners and public policymakers to develop robust climate mitigation and adaptation strategies for their cities. As part of these measures, they may identify existing or proposed infrastructure that could serve residents during a public emergency (e.g. as shelters). One such candidate is the modern professional sports stadium, which has demonstrated its versatility over the past several years by serving as field hospitals, COVID-19 testing and mass vaccination sites, and municipal voting centers. In this commentary, we consider the essential contribution sports stadiums may make to cities and regions impacted by extreme weather and climate change. Specifically, we examine the utility of a publicly funded stadium as a shelter in response to large-scale disasters. As part of our analysis, we identify the structural, geographical, organizational, and logistical factors that impact the feasibility of this proposal.