How expert surgeons review robotic videos: A grounded theory study

Background: Surgical video review has been shown to improve technical skill in novice surgeons; however, to date, there are no studies examining the use of video review by experts. This study sought to understand the process expert robotic surgeons use when they review their surgical videos. Methods: In this qualitative pilot study, eight expert robotic colorectal surgeons individually participated in semistructured interviews and video elicitation sessions. Grounded theory was used to develop a process model on how expert surgeons review their robotic videos. Results: The participants identified four categories of video review: critical incidents, unique cases, new techniques/procedures, and routine cases. They ask themselves questions with the primary goal of improving surgical technical skills. Surgeons compare their performance to benchmark videos and share videos for teaching and collaboration. Conclusions: Expert robotic surgeons use video review for self-reflection and self-assessment. They recognize that improving surgical skills requires a growth mindset. These findings may contribute to the surgical education of novices.