State-of-the-Art of Synthesized Exosomes and NPs-Based Biomimetic Nanoparticles for Wound Rehabilitation: A Review

Wound regeneration is a typical physiological mechanism consisting of a series of molecular and cellular processes that take place after the commencement of a tissue lesion to reestablish a barrier between the body and the external surroundings. Chronic non-healing wounds, on the other hand, require additional therapeutic qualities which could be obtained by using exosomes (Exo) and nanoparticles (NPs) to stimulate rapid and superior healing results. Many scientists have worked to understand the mechanisms of wound healing, and there are several reviews on the subject. To the best of our understanding, nevertheless, there has been little study on the utilization of Exo and NPs in wound healing. Our research aims to bridge that knowledge gap. This study first reviews previous studies on wounds and standard wound management methods. To close the gap in current research, we extensively discuss the state-of-the-art in engineered BioM-based wound healing approaches, including engineered exosome BioM-based procedures and nanoparticle-based BioMs for wound healing. Furthermore, current applications of BioM-based wound healing techniques are described. This study then closes by reviewing existing knowledge and discussing the multiple applications of synthesized BioM NPs for infectious wound healing. Graphical Abstract