Development, sand control mechanism and hydrocarbon accumulation of beach-bar sandstone in a saline lake basin: A case from the Neogene of southwestern Qaidam Basin, NW China
Petroleum Exploration and Development(2023)
摘要
Based on the data of field outcrops, drilling cores, casting thin sections, well logging interpretation, oil/gas shows during drilling, and oil/gas testing results, and combined with modern salt-lake sediments in the Qinghai Lake, the Neogene saline lake beach-bars in southwestern Qaidam Basin are studied from the perspective of sedimentary characteristics, development patterns, sand control factors, and hydrocarbon accumulation characteristics. Beach-bar sand bodies are widely developed in the Neogene saline lake basin, and they are lithologically fine sandstone and siltstone, with wavy bedding, low-angle cross bedding, and lenticular-vein bedding. In view of spatial-temporal distribution, the beach-bar sand bodies are stacked in multiple stages vertically, migratory laterally, and extensive and continuous in NW-SE trending pattern in the plane. The stacking area of the Neogene beach-bar sandstone is predicted to be 3000 km(2). The water salinity affects the sedimentation rate and offshore distance of beach-bar sandstone, and the debris input from the source area affects the scale and enrichment of beach-bar sandstone. The ancient landform controls the morphology and stacking style of beach-bar sandstone, and the northwest monsoon driving effect controls the long-axis extension direction of beach-bar sandstone. The beach-bars have a reservoir-forming feature of "one reservoir in one sand body", with thick beach-bar sand bodies controlling the effective reservoir distribution and oil-source faults controlling the oil/gas migration and accumulation direction. Three favorable exploration target zones in Zhahaquan, Yingdong-eastern Wunan and Huatugou areas are proposed based on the analysis of reservoir-forming elements.
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关键词
Qaidam Basin,Neogene,saline lake basin,sedimentary characteristics,beach-bar,sand control mechanism,reservoir characteristics
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