Biodistribution and radiation dosimetry of multiple tracers on total-body positron emission tomography/computed tomography

Background: [F-18]F- FDG, [Ga-68]Ga-PSMA-11, and [Ga-68]Ga-FAPI-04 have achieved good results in multiple clinical trials and clinical practice, but the imaging of these tracers is limited to traditional short-axis positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT). Therefore, we aimed to use total-body PET/CT dynamic scanning to describe whole-body biodistribution of these three tracers and to calculate more precise radiation doses. Methods: Total-body PET/CT (uExplorer, United Imaging Healthcare) dynamic scanning was performed on 54 patients, including 30 patients with [F-18]F-FDG, 10 patients with [Ga-68]Ga-PSMA-11, and 14 patients with [Ga-68]Ga-FAPI-04. A 60-minute dynamic scanning of whole body was performed simultaneously after bedside bolus injection of the corresponding tracers. The dynamic sequence of 92 frames was quantitatively analyzed by the Pmod4.0 software. Whole body biodistribution was calculated as time-activity curves (TACs) describing dynamic uptake patterns in the subject's major organs, followed by calculation of tracer kinetics and cumulative organ activity. Finally, combined with the OLINDA/EXM software, effective doses of the different tracers and individual organ doses were calculated. Results: In a systematic TAC analysis of three tracers, we identified distinct biodistribution patterns in major organs. [Ga-68]Ga-PSMA-11 showed a trend of rapid increasing and slow decreasing in liver, spleen, muscle, and bone. In the heart, stomach, brain, and lung, tracer decreased rapidly after rapid increasing. Similarly, tracer uptake in the kidney and urinary bladder increased gradually. [Ga-68]Ga-FAPI-04 showed a rapid increasing and rapid decreasing trend in brain, lung, liver, spleen, bone, heart, kidney, and stomach. The mean effective dose of [Ga-68]Ga-PSMA-11 was 1.47E-02 mSv/MBq, and the mean effective doses of [F-18]F-FDG and [Ga-68]Ga-FAPI-04 were comparable (2.52E-02 mSv/MBq and 2.23E-02 mSv/MBq). The mean effective dose of [F-18]F-FDG was lower than that reported in the literature measured by previous short-axis PET, while both [Ga-68]Ga-PSMA-11 and [Ga-68]Ga-FAPI-04 had higher value than previously reported value. Conclusions: [F-18]F-FDG, [Ga-68]Ga-PSMA-11 and [Ga-68]Ga-FAPI-04 have good biodistribution in human organs. Real-time high-sensitivity dynamic scanning with total-body PET/CT is a very effective way to accurately calculate biodistribution and effective dose of positron-labeled radiopharmaceuticals.