Development of a selective and high affinity radioligand, [ 3 H]VU6013720, for the M 4 muscarinic receptor .

M muscarinic receptors are highly expressed in the striatum and cortex, brain regions that are involved in diseases such as Parkinson's disease, schizophrenia, and dystonia. Despite potential therapeutic advantages of specifically targeting the M receptor, it has been historically challenging to develop highly selective ligands, resulting in undesired off-target activity at other members of the muscarinic receptor family. Recently, we have reported first-in-class, potent, and selective M receptor antagonists. As an extension of that work, we now report the development and characterization of a radiolabeled M receptor antagonist, [H]VU6013720, with high affinity (pK of 9.5 {plus minus} 0.2 at rat M, 9.7 at mouse M, and 10 {plus minus} 0.1 at human M with atropine to define nonspecific binding) and selectivity (80-fold over M and >1,000 fold over M, M and M) for the M receptor versus the other muscarinic subtypes. Binding assays using this radioligand in rodent brain tissues demonstrate loss of specific binding in knockout animals. Dissociation kinetics experiments with various muscarinic ligands show differential effects on the dissociation of [H]VU6013720 from M receptors, suggesting a binding site that is overlapping but may be distinct from the orthosteric site. Overall, these results demonstrate that [H]VU6013720 is the first highly selective antagonist radioligand for the M receptor, representing a useful tool for studying the basic biology of M as well for the support of M receptor-based drug discovery. This manuscript describes the development and characterization of a novel muscarinic acetylcholine subtype 4 receptor antagonist radioligand, [H]VU6013720. This ligand binds to or overlaps with the acetylcholine binding site, providing a highly selective radioligand for the M receptor that can be used to quantify M protein expression and probe the selective interactions of acetylcholine with M versus the other members of the muscarinic receptor family.