Genetic-based dissection of resistance to bacterial leaf streak in rice by GWAS

Background Rice is the second-largest food crop in the world and vulnerable to bacterial leaf streak disease. A thorough comprehension of the genetic foundation of agronomic traits was essential for effective implementation of molecular marker-assisted selection. Results Our study aimed to evaluate the vulnerability of rice to bacterial leaf streak disease (BLS) induced by the gram-negative bacterium Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola (Xoc). In order to accomplish this, we first analyzed the population structure of 747 accessions and subsequently assessed their phenotypes 20 days after inoculation with a strain of Xoc, GX01. We conducted genome-wide association studies (GWAS) on a population of 747 rice accessions, consisting of both indica and japonica subpopulations, utilizing phenotypic data on resistance to bacterial leaf streak (RBLS) and sequence data. We identified a total of 20 QTLs associated with RBLS in our analysis. Through the integration of linkage mapping, sequence analysis, haplotype analysis, and transcriptome analysis, we were able to identify five potential candidate genes ( OsRBLS1 — OsRBLS5 ) that possess the potential to regulate RBLS in rice. In order to gain a more comprehensive understanding of the genetic mechanism behind resistance to bacterial leaf streak, we conducted tests on these genes in both the indica and japonica subpopulations, ultimately identifying superior haplotypes that suggest the potential utilization of these genes in breeding disease-resistant rice varieties. Conclusions The findings of our study broaden our comprehension of the genetic mechanisms underlying RBLS in rice and offer significant insights that can be applied towards genetic improvement and breeding of disease-resistant rice in rapidly evolving environmental conditions.