Comparison study on enhancement of phosphorus recovery from low-strength wastewater treated with different magnesium-based electrochemical constructed wetland

Phosphorus (P) recovery from wastewaters treated with constructed wetlands (CWs) could alleviate the current global P crisis but has not received sufficient attention. In this study, P transformation in different magnesium-based electrochemical CWs, including micro-electrolysis CW (M-CW), primary battery CW (P-CW), and electrolysis CW (E-CW), was thoroughly examined. The results revealed that the P removal efficiency was 53.0%, 75.8%, and 61.9% in the M-CW, E-CW, and P-CW, respectively. P mass balance analysis showed that P electrode deposition was the main reason for the higher P removal in the E-CW and P-CW. Significant differences were found between the E-CW and P-CW, P was distributed primarily on the magnesium plate in the P-CW but was distributed on the carbon plate in the E-CW. The E-CW had excellent P recovery capacity, and struvite was the major P recovery product. More intense magnesium plate corrosion and alkaline environment increased struvite precipitation in the E-CW, with the proportion of 61.6%. The results of functional microbial community analysis revealed that the abundance of electroactive bacteria was positively correlated with the deposition of struvite. This study provided an essential reference for the targeted electrochemical regulation of electric field processes and microorganisms in CWs to enhance P recovery.