Effects of Noise and Noise Reduction on Audiovisual Speech Perception in Cochlear Implant Users: an ERP Study.

Objective: Hearing with a cochlear implant (CI) is difficult in noisy environments, but the use of noise reduction algorithms, specifically ForwardFocus, can improve speech intelligibility. The current eventrelated potentials (ERP) study examined the electrophysiological correlates of this perceptual improvement. Methods: Ten bimodal CI users performed a syllable-identification task in auditory and audiovisual conditions, with syllables presented from the front and stationary noise presented from the sides. Brainstorm was used for spatio-temporal evaluation of ERPs. Results: CI users revealed an audiovisual benefit as reflected by shorter response times and greater activation in temporal and occipital regions at P2 latency. However, in auditory and audiovisual conditions, background noise hampered speech processing, leading to longer response times and delayed auditorycortex-activation at N1 latency. Nevertheless, activating ForwardFocus resulted in shorter response times, reduced listening effort and enhanced superior-frontal-cortex-activation at P2 latency, particularly in audiovisual conditions. Conclusions: ForwardFocus enhances speech intelligibility in audiovisual speech conditions by potentially allowing the reallocation of attentional resources to relevant auditory speech cues. Significance: This study shows for CI users that background noise and ForwardFocus differentially affect spatio-temporal cortical response patterns, both in auditory and audiovisual speech conditions. & COPY; 2023 International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).