PRaG regimens for rechallenge in a patient with acquired resistance to PD-1 inhibitor in advanced refractory renal pelvis carcinoma: A case report

Despite the burgeoning popularity of programmed death-1 (PD-1) inhibitors in cancer treatment, it is not uncommon for patients who initially respond to this therapy to experience relapse over time. Here, we present the case of a patient with advanced renal pelvis carcinoma who had received prior treatment with chemotherapy and PD-1 inhibitor therapy but ultimately experienced disease progression. Subsequently, the patient underwent a combination therapy known as PRaG 2.0, which included PD-1 inhibitor, radiotherapy, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, and interleukin-2, resulting in effective disease control without significant adverse events. The duration of disease control lasted for a period of 10 months.