Intelligent Pharmacy's applications of cyclosporine

Cyclosporine (CsA) is a classical immunosuppressant that requires therapeutic drug monitoring to determine efficacy and adverse effects due to the individualized nature of its drug metabolism. Emerging computer technology has helped to give birth to new approaches to drug therapy. Pharmacokinetic models are used to identify covariates affecting efficacy, predict changes in cyclosporine metabolism and assist in the individualization of CsA treatment. Machine learning algorithms can be used to predict CsA concentrations and adverse events, big data mining can identify rare adverse reactions to CsA in the real world, and the application of internet-based home pharmacy services will yield long-term patient follow-up data. In the future, we will use more computer technology in combination with drug therapy to provide patients with a full range of pharmacy services.