Ocular manifestations and clinical outcomes in Tubulointerstitial Nephritis and Uveitis Syndrome (TINU)

Purpose To describe the various ocular clinical features and visual outcomes in Tubulointerstitial Nephritis and Uveitis Syndrome (TINU). Methods The medical records of 13 patients (26 eyes) diagnosed with TINU were reviewed. Results Twenty-six (26) eyes of 13 patients with TINU were reviewed in this study. The median age at onset of uveitis was 14 (range, 9–45). Eight (61.5%) subjects were female. The median follow-up of patients was 30 months (range, 6–89 months). Posterior segment findings were seen in 18 eyes of 9 patients (69.2%). The most common posterior findings were optic nerve head inflammation (16 eyes, 88.8%) and retinal vasculitis (13 eyes, 72.2%). Other posterior findings included vitritis (8 eyes, 44.4%), macular edema (6 eyes, 33.3%), snowball (4 eyes, 22.2%), and chorioretinal lesions (2 eye, 11.1%). Eight patients had fluorescein angiography (FA) data available and most eyes had retinal capillary leakage (13 eyes, 81.2%) followed by optic disc staining/leakage (12 eyes, 75%). Twelve (12) patients (92.3%) were treated with immunomodulatory treatment (IMT) and/or biologics. Five patients (%38.4) required biologics to control intraocular inflammation. Conclusion Posterior segment involvement may be common in patients with TINU syndrome. FA provides significant information for detecting posterior segment involvement and disease activity in TINU. The majority of patients required systemic treatment in order to control intraocular inflammation and prevent relapses.