Multiple lineage switches in KMT2A rearranged infant leukemia, responsive to combination therapy with CPX-351 and inotuzumab.

Rearrangements of the KMT2A gene are characteristic of infantile acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and are associated with increased lineage plasticity and resistance to therapy. Here, we describe the case of a 9-month-old infant with infantile ALL who experienced multiple immunophenotypic switches in her leukemia throughout therapy and ultimately achieved remission with the combination of CPX-351 and Inotuzumab. This case highlights the unique clinical challenges infantile ALL poses on monitoring therapeutic response with current methods of measuring minimal residual disease as well as the challenges in treating infantile B-ALL.