Factors affecting long-term changes of meibomian gland in MGD patients

Purpose To explore the long-term course of patients with meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD), and to analyse potential factors affecting the recovery of meibomian gland (MG) dropout. Methods Seventy-nine MGD patients (79 eyes) aged 36.03±15.78 years old who underwent more than one year of follow-up were enrolled in this retrospective study. Corneal fluorescein staining (CFS), tear meniscus height (TMH), noninvasive breakup time (NIBUT), and noncontact meibography at baseline and last visit were collected and analysed. Then an automatic MG analyzer was used to measure the morphological and functional parameters of MGs, including their area ratio (AR), tortuosity index (TI), and signal index (SI). The patients whose AR increased by more than 5% were defined as MG improvement, and AR decreased by more than 5% was MG worsening. Results A total of 79 patients (79 eyes) were assessed with at least 1-year of follow-up. More than 1/3 of MGD patients (27 eyes, 34.2%) underwent MG improvement, and 30.4% of MGs became worsened. Age ( P =0.002), gender ( P <0.001), IPL treatment ( P =0.013), the change of CFS ( P =0.0015), and the recovery of SI ( P =0.035) showed significant differences among different recovery groups. Age( P <0.001), female sex ( P =0.003), ΔCFS ( P <0.001), AR at baseline ( P <0.001) were negative correlation with AR recovery, and the change of SI ( P =0.003) and IPL treatment ( P =0.003) had a positive correlation with it. Among them, age ( P =0.038), the change of CFS ( P =0.004), and AR at baseline ( P =0.007) were confirmed as negatively correlated factors predicting the long-term change of the MG. Conclusion Although the MGD treatment has continued for more than 1 year, only 34.2% of MGD patients were observed to undergo MG improvement. Younger patients and patients with better CFS recovery seem to have more opportunities to improve their MGs.