Berth allocation and scheduling at marine container terminals: A state-of-the-art review of solution approaches and relevant scheduling attributes.

Marine container terminals play a significant role for international trade networks and global market. To cope with the rapid and steady growth of the seaborne trade market, marine container terminal operators must address the operational challenges with appropriate analytical methods to meet the needs of the market. The berth allocation and scheduling problem is one of the important decisions faced by operators during operations planning. The optimization of a berth schedule is strongly associated with the allocation of spatial and temporal resources. An optimal and robust berth schedule remarkably improves the productivity and competitiveness of a seaport. A significant number of berth allocation and scheduling studies have been conducted over the last years. Thus, there is an existing need for a comprehensive and critical literature survey to analyze the state-of-the-art research progress, developing tendencies, current shortcomings, and potential future research directions. Therefore, this study thoroughly selected scientific manuscripts dedicated to the berth allocation and scheduling problem. The identified studies were categorized based on spatial attributes, including discrete, continuous, and hybrid berth allocation and scheduling problems. A detailed review was performed for the identified study categories. A representative mathematical formulation for each category was presented along with a detailed summary of various considerations and characteristics of every study. A specific emphasis was given to the solution methods adopted. The current research shortcomings and important research needs were outlined based on the review of the state-of-the-art. This study was conducted with the expectation of assisting the scientific community and relevant stakeholders with berth allocation and scheduling.