Census for the rest-frame optical and UV morphologies of galaxies at z=4-10: First phase of inside-out galaxy formation

We present the rest-frame optical and UV surface brightness (SB) profiles for 149 galaxies with M-opt < -19.4 mag at z = 4-10 (29 of which are spectroscopically confirmed with JWST NIRSpec), securing high signal-to-noise ratios of 10-135 with deep JWST NIRCam 1-5 mu m images obtained by the CEERS survey. We derive morphologies of our high-z galaxies, carefully evaluating the systematics of SB profile measurements with Monte Carlo simulations as well as the impacts of a) AGNs, b) multiple clumps including galaxy mergers, c) spatial resolution differences with previous HST studies, and d) strong emission lines, e.g., H alpha and [O iii], on optical morphologies with medium-band F410M images. Conducting Sersic profile fitting for our high-z galaxy SBs with GALFIT, we obtain effective radius ranges for optical r(e,opt) and UV r(e,UV) wavelengths of r(e, opt) = 0.05-1.6 kpc and r(e,UV) = 0.03-1.7 kpc that are consistent with previous results within large scatters in the size-luminosity relations. However, we find that the effective radius ratio, r(e,opt)/r(e,UV), is almost unity, 1.01(-0.22)(+0.35), over z = 4-10 with no signatures of past inside-out star formation such as found at z similar to 0-2. There are no spatial offsets exceeding 3 sigma between the optical and UV morphology centers in cases of no mergers, indicative of major star-forming activity only being found near mass centers of galaxies at z greater than or similar to 4 probably experiencing the first phase of inside-out galaxy formation.