Translating the nuanced risk for substance use among adolescents treated for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) into clinical practice: a commentary on McCabe et al. (2023).

In their recent examination of the Monitoring the Future (MTF) data, McCabe et al. (Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 2023) address the complex, longstanding, and clinically valuable questions of whether and how stimulant medication treatment for adolescents with ADHD relates to their risk for substance use. Here, we expand on the authors' interpretations of their nuanced findings of increased risk for illicit stimulant use and non-prescribed stimulant medication use for youth with later age of medication treatment initiation and shorter treatment duration. We particularly focus on highlighting tangible clinical implications, and we recommend ways future research can build on the authors' findings to further clarify this important issue.