Carbohydrate-Tailored PPG#400 vs Ionic Liquid-Based Aqueous Biphasic System That Enables Extraction of Polyphenols

Polypropylene glycol (PPG#400) and an ionic liquid (IL),tris(2-hydroxyethyl)methylammonium methylsulfate-based aqueous biphasic system (ABS) has beenconstructed. The high concentration of the IL as one of the phase-formingcomponents can make the ABS toxic and at the same time expensive.Thus, to decrease the phase-forming concentration of the IL, carbohydrateshave been introduced as adjuvants. By tailoring the ABS with the helpof carbohydrates, a dramatic decrease in the phase-forming concentrationof IL was observed. The required concentration of the IL reduced from80% (w/w) to & LE;20% (w/w) to form an ABS with PPG#400. Theseobservations are justified on the basis of theoretical calculations.The ABS tailored with d-mannitol as an adjuvant was chosenfor further applications. The present work reports on the use of thenewly designed ABS toward extraction of polyphenols such as rutinand morin. & SIM;75% of rutin and & SIM;91% of morin were extractedin the PPG#400-rich phase of ABS.