Design of Flexible Multi-Band Miniature Antenna Based on Minkowski Fractal Structure and Folding Technique for Miniature Wireless Transmission System

In light of the predicament concerning the small gain and narrow frequency range of miniature antennas, this paper employs the implementation of a fractal repeating array structure and a double-layer folding antenna structure. Through these measures, the miniature antenna is endowed with a high gain and an expansive frequency range, all within its diminutive size. The paper presents an exquisite and high-gain flexible multi-band antenna, utilizing a dielectric substrate composed of the flexible material polyimide, with a thickness of merely 0.1 mm. The implementation of this flexible material bestows a feathery mass of merely 4 mg upon the antenna, enabling it to seamlessly conform to various shapes. This makes it particularly well-suited for employment within miniature wireless transmission systems and compact mobile communication devices. In an endeavor to enhance impedance matching and radiation characteristics, the Minkowski fractal structure is ingeniously incorporated as the repeating array element. This repeating array structure assumes a pivotal role and, when combined with the double-layer folding antenna structure, achieves the objective of miniaturization. Remarkably, the antenna's dimensions measure a mere 0.04 & lambda;(0) x 0.026 & lambda;(0) (& lambda;(0) @ 2.4 GHz). The proposed antenna boasts a remarkably diminutive volume of merely 5 x 3 x 0.1 mm(3), with the measured and simulated results exhibiting a striking concurrence. Both sets of results demonstrate resonance across multiple frequencies, namely, 2.4 GHz, 5.2 GHz and 5.8 GHz. Furthermore, within the effective frequency range, the antenna attains a maximum gain of 1.65 dBi and 4.37 dBi, respectively.