Gender and Loans: Understanding Differences in Student Debt Burden

Based on combined data from Baccalaureate & Beyond (B & B:16/17), Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS), and Barron's Profiles of American Colleges, this study utilizes zero-inflated beta regression methods and analyzes individual and institutional factors that predict debt burden by gender. Results show that women are less likely than men to have a zero debt burden one year after college graduation. Interaction effect tests show that the relationship between gender and zero debt burden differs by race/ethnicity. Additional analyses disaggregating the debt and earnings components indicate that women's salary is significantly lower than men's salary. The combined results of lower probability of zero debt and lower salary for women than for men are concerning and demonstrate gendered inequities within current systems. Policy attention is needed to address these issues.