Regulations and Factors Affecting of Light Emitting Diodes Artificial Light in Crop Production under Soilless Culture

Thelight emitting diodes have small dimension, physical strength,stable narrow spectrum, low temperature, versatile longevity, andhigh radiation efficiency and regulate morphogenesis, photoperiodism,flowering stimulus, photoreceptors, and biometabolism in the growingplant in a controlled environment plant growth chamber. The stablewavelength of electromagnetic light spectrum is received by the plantphotoreceptors such as phytochrome, cryptochrome, phototropin, zeitlupefamily protein, ultraviolet resistance locus 8 (UVR8) stimulates photomorphogenesisand biochemical pathway in the plant through soilless culture in aclosed system. The mechanism of light emission is controlled withlight factors like quality and quantity in the closed system. Thelight radiation regulates the long day photoperiodism (16 h day and8 h night) through 400-700 nm photosynthetic active radiation(PAR) and 7.1-380 & mu;mol m(-2) s(-1) photon flux density in the developing plant for continuing morphogeneticand metabolic process. The light transmission with variable wavelengthsof 320-400 nm UVA, 400-500 nm blue, 500-600 nmgreen, 600-700 nm red, 700-750 nm far-red influencesthe cellular, molecular, and biochemical processes in the growingplant. The total and net energy production must be investigated withrespect to effect of light and the plants raised in tissue culture,breeding, and gene manipulation under closed system.