Polarization and direction-of-arrival estimations based on orthogonally polarized digital programmable metasurfaces

A technology is presented in this work to realize both direction-of-arrival and polarization estimations based on a digital programmable metasurfaces (DPMs). For direction-of-arrival estimation, the orthogonal components of incoming waves are estimated by the metasurfaces in orthogonal directions respectively. The intensities and phases of the estimated orthogonal components are then used to estimate polarization states of the incoming waves. Both simulations and measurements have verified the effectiveness of the presented technology. It is expected that this work will promote applications of DPMs in mobile communication and sensing.