Editorial: Pharmaceutically targeting hypoxia in the breast cancer microenvironment: mechanistic and translational approaches.

omic techniques have significantly improved our understanding of the underlying mechanisms of hypoxia and the development of targeting strategies for treating breast cancer [1]. Mehraj et al., 2022, published the first research on this topic. Doxorubicin is effective against triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), although the development of doxorubicin resistance is a significant challenge. They stated that some novel therapeutics can boost doxorubicin's efficacy while reducing its toxicity. Better TNBC therapy combinations may result from combining doxorubicin treatment with promising novel compounds or repurposed drugs. Additionally, the combined therapy will reduce the dosage and toxicity of doxorubicin. Adapalene, a thirdgeneration retinoid, has shown promise in treating certain cancers. They examined the anticancer properties of adapalenein on TNBC cells, its combinatorial efficacy with doxorubicin, and the mechanism of action. Adapalene and doxorubicin synergistically reduce TNBC cell growth, colony formation, and migration. Adapalene and doxorubicin increased reactive oxygen species, causing Erk1/2 hyperphosphorylation and caspase-dependent cell death.Adapalene is a potential anticancer drug used alone or combined with current TNBC treatments