Are we there yet? The ongoing journey of cystic fibrosis care.

of transplantation; how long it might take for this to be clinically apparent remains unknown. It might take weeks or months for subclinical, cross-species immune responses to affect overall renal function. Even with transplantation into human decedents, it is not currently feasible to assess immune reactions over a long timeframe. We found it very interesting that there was no detection of C4d deposition to indicate activation of the complement cascade within the kidney, suggesting that novel pathways for xenoimmune activation might be at play. Another important finding is that the transcriptional activation of immunity was primarily in innate immune cells such as monocytes and natural killer cells, rather than in due to cotransplantation of thymic tissue to suppress lymphocyte responses, but might also be indicative of the inherent biology of innate immune rejection after kidney transplantation. Based in part on the findings in this study, the