Cluster Data Communication for Decentralized Grid Operation Based on Clustering Power System Approach

The transition to clean energy sources, and the integration of renewable energy-based decentralized generation units (DG) in distribution grids have led to the development of smart grids. These intelligent power grids employ advanced technologies such as information and communication systems to manage the bidirectional flow of electricity and to stabilize the grid state variables. The Clustering Power System Approach (CPSA), together with the Cluster Fractal Model (CFM), provides a structured and decentralized implementation of smart grids. The Smart Grid Cluster Controller (SGCC) is a crucial component for operating and controlling smart grids based on CPSA. The SGCC is equipped with a software system that allows for network control, and it is connected to the power grid via sensors and actuators using the real-time EtherCAT Fieldbus master. The EtherCAT master is coupled with a NoSQL database for topology description and a time series database for process data storage. Real-time communication between decentralized controllers is achieved through a novel approach. Based on this solution, a structured, organized, and decentralized automation can be enabled, including data exchange between clusters.