Enhancement of Poly-L-lactic acid stents through polydopamine coating: Boosting endothelialization and suppressing inflammation

The utilization of Poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA) as a biodegradable material for biovascular scaffolds (BVS) stems from its superior mechanical attributes, biodegradability, and biocompatibility. However, PLLA's challenges, such as its lack of active surface functional groups and high hydrophobicity, impede endothelial cells' (ECs) attachment and growth. These factors subsequently amplify the risk of thrombosis and restenosis in PLLA implants. To counteract this problem, we've adapted the polydopamine (PDA) coating technique, a technique commonly used for metal stents. This method has demonstrated potential for promoting EC adhesion and proliferation on PLLA surfaces. Our study involved the application of PDA coating to PLLA, which resulted in improved EC attachment and proliferation while simultaneously inhibiting macrophage activation and the release of the inflammatory factor TNF-α. Additionally, the reactive functional groups on the PDA-coated surface provide a reactive platform for immobilizing therapeutic molecules onto PLLA, thereby further enhancing the biocompatibility of PLLA cardiovascular stents.