Unleashing the bioactive potential of Capsicum chinense cv Bhut Jolokia: a comparison of microwave- and ultrasound-mediated extraction techniques for lipophilic capsaicin

This study investigated the extraction of capsaicin from Capsicum chinense cv Bhut Jolokia using rice bran oil (RBO) as a ‘green solvent’ via microwave- and ultrasound-mediated techniques (MME and UME) as an alternative to hazardous organic solvents. Extraction conditions were optimised using MME at 180 and 300 W for 2 and 8 min and UME at 300 and 400 W for 10 and 30 min. The maximum capsaicin yield obtained was 12.47 mg/mL, with a corresponding gamma oryzanol content of 8.46 mg/mL. The peroxide value of the extract (capsaicin-infused RBO) was found to be within permissible limits as per Codex Alimentarius specifications. Results strongly suggest the potential of RBO as a novel solvent for extraction of capsaicin. The capsaicin-enriched oil can be used as a functional food ingredient due to its health-promoting properties.