Bumblebee: A MemCache Design for Die-stacked and Off-chip Heterogeneous Memory Systems.

Emerging die-stacked memories can provide higher bandwidth than traditional off-chip DRAM and serve as an off-chip DRAM cache or part of OS-visible memory (POM). This paper presents Bumblebee, a new hybrid memory architecture combining the advantages of both DRAM cache and POM. The ratio of DRAM cache to POM is adjustable in real time to better exploit both temporal and spatial locality benefits for different memory access patterns. Our evaluations indicate at least 35.2% performance improvement and 10.9%similar to 20.1% less memory dynamic energy consumption for Bumblebee over state-of-the-art designs, as well as orders of magnitude less metadata storage space.