Dynamic Monitoring and Analysis of Factors Influencing Ecological Quality in Rapidly Urbanizing Areas Based on the Google Earth Engine

Rapid urbanization poses significant challenges to ecological preservation in karst ecologically fragile regions. Systematically monitor and evaluate of its urban ecological pattern change and driving factors are the basis for achieving regional sustainable development. Taking Gui’an New Area (GNA) of China as the object, using the Google Earth Engine (GEE) cloud platform, the Remote Sensing Ecological Index (RSEI) method and Geodetector to study ecological quality (EQ) changes between 2010 and 2020. The results show that: (1) An overall increase in RSEI (0.12), with changes concentrated in the +1 to 0 range, revealing spatial autocorrelation. (2) Comparing LU/LC types, forest showed the highest RSEI, followed by shrub, cropland, impervious, grassland, and barren areas. (3) Among factors considered, interaction with greenness had the most significant influence, and LU/LC was the primary external factor affecting EQ. The result provides a reference for decision makers to formulate ecological protection policies and implement regional coordinated development strategies.