The Effect of Regulating Soil pH on the Control of Pine Wilt Disease in a Black Pine Forest

Pine wilt disease (PWD) is a highly destructive disease in forest ecosystems, resulting in extensive forest decline and substantial economic losses. As soil pH plays a critical role in soil microbial activity and significantly impacts the prevalence and severity of diseases, we conducted an experiment to regulate soil pH for alleviating PWD in a black pine (Pinus thunbergii) forest. The result reveals that: (1) The pH of the soil under a P. thunbergii forest was 5.19 +/- 0.40, which was significantly lower than that of soils under other vegetation types at 8.53 +/- 0.44. (2) Finely ground shell powder (F-SP) was the optimal size for long-term and efficient regulation, but quicklime (QL) exhibited the strongest efficacy in raising soil pH, followed by F-SP and plant ash. The regulation effect strengthened with the dosage amount. (3) In the situ experiments, part of symptomatic black pine in F-SP or QL plots were apparently improved and converted to asymptomatic trees separately by 15.9% and 5.4%. Applying F-SP can alleviate PWD in a sustainable way. This paper presents the first investigation to assess the effects of regulating soil pH for controlling PWD. It holds significant practical value for the rational planning and the sustainable development of artificial forests in coastal regions.