The impact of treatment adherence on overall survival in non-metastatic colorectal cancer in Latin American patients

e15644 Background: Colorectal cancer is a significant public health issue in Peru, and non-metastatic colorectal cancer patients face numerous treatment challenges. Adherence to treatment protocols has been identified as an important factor influencing patient outcomes. However, little is known about the impact of treatment adherence on overall survival in non-metastatic colorectal cancer patients in Peru. The objective of this study is to investigate the association between treatment adherence and overall survival in this patient population. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the electronic medical files of 890 patients with non metastatic colorectal cancer between 2006 and 2020. Patients were included if they received treatment and were followed up for at least two years. Treatment adherence was measured based on the number of completed chemotherapy cycles and the time to initiate treatment after surgery. Overall survival was defined as the time from diagnosis to death or the last follow-up visit. Multivariate analysis was performed to identify factors associated with overall survival. Results: A total of 890 patients were included in the study, and the median follow-up time was 32 months. The overall adherence rate was 71.7%. Patients who adhered to treatment had a significantly higher overall survival rate compared to non-adherent patients (p < 0.001). A multivariate analysis was performed using Cox regression model with the statistically significant variables found (sex, high histologic grade, stage and adherence to treatment) in the univariate analysis. Multivariate analysis showed that treatment adherence was an independent predictor of overall survival (HR = 0.69; 95% CI, 0.54-0.88; p < 0.001). Conclusions: Our findings indicate that medication adherence is a crucial factor affecting overall survival in Peruvian patients with non-metastatic colorectal cancer. Patients who adhered to treatment had a significantly higher overall survival rate than non-adherent patients, highlighting the importance of adherence in optimizing patient outcomes. These findings have important clinical implications for healthcare providers, who should prioritize efforts to improve treatment adherence in this patient population.