Implementation of a full Wheatstone-bridge GMR sensor by utilizing spin-orbit torque induced magnetization switching in synthetic antiferromagnetic layer

A giant magnetoresistance (GMR) sensor with a Wheatstone bridge structure and an out-of-plane linear response was developed. The spin-valve structure consists of a synthetic antiferromagnetic [(Co/Pt)(n)/Ru/(Pt/Co)(n)] reference layer with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy, a Cu spacer layer, and a Co-free layer with in-plane easy magnetization. By utilizing the spin-orbit torque induced magnetization switching in the synthetic antiferromagnetic layer, the magnetization of the reference layers in the adjacent bridge arms is set to the opposite direction, achieving a GMR sensor with a full Wheatstone bridge structure. The sensor exhibits linear response to the out-of-plane magnetic field with adjustable dynamic ranges from hundreds to thousands of Oe, depending on the thickness of the Co-free layer. A similar Wheatstone bridge sensor consisting of magnetic tunnel junctions was also proposed. The sensor with out-of-plane linear response may have promising applications in three-dimensional magnetic field detection and current sensing field.