First-Order Creeping Wave Channel Characterization at Sub-6GHz 5G Frequency Bands

This paper presents a study on the creeping wave characteristics of the N78 and N79 sub-6GHz 5G frequency bands. Wait's theory was used to predict the creeping wave characteristics, which were then validated through simulations and measurements. The study involved moving the receiver antenna in a counterclockwise direction on a human torso with a circumference of 94 cm while keeping the transmitter antenna fixed. Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) analysis was conducted for both the front part and the entire torso. The theoretical and simulation results showed an exponential decay of 1.22 dB/cm and 1.31 dB/cm, respectively, in the linear region at frequencies of 3.55 GHz and 4.70 GHz. Finally, the measured S11 (TX) and S22 (RX) results were presented, which showed good agreement when the RX was moved at a distance of 2 cm.