Seeing the light versus being in the dark: parent, child, and service providers' use of metaphors to express system complexity, therapy engagement, and personal experiences of adaptation

Purpose: To describe parent, child, and service providers' use of metaphors to communicate the meaning of participation in life and therapy engagement in the field of childhood disability.Methods: Metaphors concerning participation and engagement were extracted from 59 qualitative articles recommended by a group of experts in pediatric rehabilitation. A systematic process of metaphor analysis was used, involving identification of source and target domains, categorization into target-source groupings, and interpretation.Results: 209 metaphors were identified and categorized into seven target-source groupings. These seven groupings reflected environmental, interpersonal, and personal domains of experience: (a) the service system and life context, (b) the interpersonal therapy context, and (c) personal aspects. Together, the groupings expressed experiences concerning service system complexity, therapy engagement, and personal experiences of adaptation. Speakers used several metaphor dichotomies to express different experiences (e.g., open vs closed doors to opportunities).Conclusions: When service providers pay attention to clients' use of metaphors, this can lead to a deeper, more evocative understanding of the meaning of their participation and engagement experiences. Service providers can use metaphors generated by clients to communicate their understanding to clients, thereby creating a common ground for collaboration and assisting clients to interpret their experiences in different ways. Implications for Rehabilitation center dot Metaphors are useful clinically as they provide a bridge to joint understanding between a speaker and listener(s), due to their cognitive and communicative functions center dot Service providers can note and attend to clients' use of metaphors to understand clients' experiences in deeper ways center dot Service providers can themselves use metaphors to express new ideas to clients, thereby encouraging clients to adopt new perspectives on their experiences center dot By paralleling clients' use of metaphors, service providers can communicate that they understand clients' experience and provide them with a sense of support