Effects of Smoking on Varicocelectomy Outcomes: a Retrospective Cohort Study.

To evaluate the effects of smoking on semen parameters and spontaneous pregnancy development by comparing smoker and non-smoker varicocelectomy patients. This study included 63 male patients with primary infertility for at least one year, and underwent microscopic subinguinal varicocelectomy at the Erzurum City Hospital urology clinic between 2020 and 2023. Patient files were retrospectively evaluated, and 27 patients were assigned to smoker group, whereas 36 patients were assigned to non-smoker group. Demographic data, semen parameters, spontaneous pregnancy development and timing were compared between two groups. No statistically significant differences were observed in age, partner's age, BMI, clinical presentation, varicocele grade, side of varicocele, testicular volume, or testicular vein diameters (p > 0.05). The mean age of the study group was determined to be 30.7 ± 4.9 years. In the non-smoker group, 27 patients (75