Network approaches in blockchain-based systems: Applications, challenges, and future directions

Blockchain technology represents a transformative innovation that facilitates the storage, dissemination, and access of vital information within a distributed database framework. While not an inherent part of blockchain technology, peer-to-peer networks are frequently employed in its implementation due to their ability to enhance connection throughput and minimize connection overhead. These networks, known for their high bandwidth, low connection overhead, and robust security standards, are increasingly viewed as influential elements in many contemporary blockchain systems. The core of blockchain technology, however, lies in its distributed ledger that records and verifies transactions. Over recent years, a variety of network approaches incorporating blockchain-based systems have been proposed across numerous domains, including the Internet of Things (IoT), intelligent vehicle networks, and medical data access control, among others. This paper aims to explore and evaluate a selection of these network approaches, providing a comprehensive overview of current applications, along with the inherent advantages and disadvantages of such systems. Furthermore, we present a systematic introduction to future developments in network approaches incorporating blockchain-based systems, setting the stage for a deeper understanding of this rapidly evolving field.