3D printed models and Artificial Intelligence: A review of their impact in robotic surgery training

In the contemporary era, technological advancements have emerged as a highly valuable asset. One area that has experienced a significant surge in utilization within the field of surgical practice is robotic surgery. However, despite the rapid and widespread adoption of robotic surgical systems, there exists a notable deficiency in the development of a comprehensive framework for training. To address this gap, an extensive literature review was conducted focusing on training and benchmarks in the domain of robotic surgery. The objective of this research endeavor is to furnish a roadmap for the cultivation of robotic surgical skills among novice surgeons with the novel technology of 3D printed hydrogel bio-models. We aim to elucidate examples of efficacious educational tools and techniques, underscore the utmost importance of simulation, and explore expert perspectives regarding the potential of 3D-printed hydrogel bio-printed models and artificial intelligence in facilitating advancements in the realm of robotic surgery training.