Impact of solar variability on Indian summer monsoon through large scale circulations

Via large-scale circulations, the role of solar variability on the Indian summer monsoon is investigated. Standardized anomaly is used to identify years of solar maxima and minima. Statistical analysis such as moving mean, empirical mode decomposition, and wavelet analysis are used to determine the plausible relationship between solar variability, large scale circulations such as El- Niño 3.4 SST anomaly, Dipole Mode Index (DMI), and Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO), and Indian summer monsoon rainfall (ISMR). In addition, the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP-NCAR) reanalysis data collection is used to assess time-averaged composite anomalies of wind, latent heat, geopotential height during maximum/minimum solar activity years.