Increasing efficiency for routing in internet of things using Binary Gray Wolf Optimization and fuzzy logic

In the field of information and communication technology, the Internet of Things is regarded as a brand-new and important technology. The introduction of new protocols in this area is caused by the presence of devices in these networks with constrained resources and relatively low computing power. One of the most well-known routing protocols for low-power devices is the RPL protocol. This algorithm cannot take into account all of the required routing goals at once. This article introduces a proposed data-oriented RPL algorithm that divides data during routing according to their content. This can decrease the amount of duplicate data transferred through the network, shorten the communication system's delay, conserve the node's limited energy, and prolong the network's lifespan. The effectiveness of RPL can be increased by selecting the best route utilizing the Binary Gray Wolf Optimization. The best parent node in the routing procedure is chosen using an objective function during the tree construction phase. This objective function is built using fuzzy logic and the Binary Gray Wolf Optimization in the suggested technique. The results of Matlab 2022a and OMNET environment tests have shown that the proposed method has increased the efficiency of energy consumption and reduced the period of instability and end-to-end delay. that the ratio of the instability period in the proposed method is much less than the other three methods, so that the ratio of the instability period is 57% for the proposed method in the ORPL and Qos RPL methods, it is equal to 80%, and in the RPL method it is equal to 89%. This problem shows that the proposed method is more stable, or, in other words, it has been active for a longer period of time with the maximum number of nodes.