The use of external Trigeminal Nerve Stimulation as an initial treatment for ADHD symptoms in children: A qualitative study of case series reports

The Monarch external Trigeminal Nerve Stimulation (eTNS) device has been approved by the U.S Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for non-pharmaceutical treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children. Previous research into the use of eTNS to treat other psychiatric and neurological disorders has shown the device to be well-tolerated with few adverse events. Here, we report on the use of eTNS treatment in a case series of four children with ADHD in Denmark, using the NeuroSigma Monarch eTNS stimulator.