Co-optimization of Multi-Stakeholders in Multi-Heterogeneous Energy System Considering Gas Flow Dynamics

Multi-heterogeneous energy system aims to exploit the advantages of coupling between electricity, heat, and gas. However, the common approach utilized to obtain the overall optimum cannot consider the existence and interests of all stakeholders in energy sectors such as electricity, heat, gas, and energy hubs. In contrast, this paper develops collaborative optimization and solution methods after clarifying the interaction mechanism of multi-stakeholders. Firstly, the operational models of natural gas system, electric power system, heating pipeline system, and energy hub are built with emphasis on the implementation of dynamic modeling of the gas network. Secondly, the multi-stakeholder interface constraints are established, while an upper-mid-lower optimization mechanism is proposed. Then, to solve the structured dynamic model, a microelement-integral approach for solving dynamic gas flows is proposed and extended to entire gas network. Moreover, a set of methods including Karush–Kuhn–Tucker optimality conditions, the big-M method, the quasi-accurate method, and the stepped-price extension method are employed to solve multi-stakeholder optimization problems with multiple nonlinear terms. Finally, the simulation case with six comparison scenarios are constructed to validate the proposed model and methods. The obtained results show that the gas network dynamic model can reflect the actual transmission mechanism of gas flow, and the proposed multi-stakeholder model can effectively balance the interests of various stakeholders. Consequently, all stakeholders have more potential to jointly promote the application and construction of multi-heterogeneous energy systems.