Restoring Vertebral Height in the Treatment of Multilevel Vertebral Compression Fractures with Vertebroplasty

Background Osteoporosis (OP) is the fourth leading cause of disability in the elderly. The challenges presented by OP fractures are complex. Vertebral body fractures (VCF) are frequently encountered in osteoporotic patients. Due to the predominant age group of osteoporotic VCF along with co-morbidities, restoring the vertebral body height and the correction of kyphosis via minimally invasive methods are preferred. Vertebroplasty continues to be the most commonly employed method in this selection. The purpose of this study is to provide evidence for the combined employment of vertebroplasty with other minimally invasive techniques in the treatment of osteoporotic VCF. A retrospective analysis of patients treated for multilevel thoracolumbar osteoporotic VCF was performed. The patients were treated with percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP), transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion supplemented by vertebroplasty (TLIF-VP) and minimally invasive transpedicular screw fixation supplemented by vertebroplasty (TP-VP). They were followed up for at least a year and VAS and ODI scores along with the degree of kyphotic correction and restoration of vertebral body height have been evaluated. Results Sixty patients with 132 levels of VCF treated were evaluated. PVP was superior in terms of shortened operative period, decreased blood loss, earlier ambulation and not requiring general anesthesia. Both TLIF-VP and TP-VP required general anesthesia, with longer operative period and increased blood loss, however it provided greater kyphotic correction. Restoration of vertebral body height was the highest in the PVP and TP-VP group. All patients benefited clinically from the interventions in regard to VAS pain and ODI scores. Conclusions VP continues to be the choice for minimally invasive correction of osteoporotic VCF. VP can be employed with other techniques as seen in this study in selected patients with sufficient symptomology. TLIF implantation allowed for discectomy and sufficient root decompression while transpedicular screw fixation allowed for greater correction especially in the chronic fractures.